A catalogue of philosophical, astronomical, chemical and electrical apparatus

jr.

A

CATALOGUE

OF

PHILOSOPHICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, CHEMICAL AND

ELECTRICAL

APPARATUS,

IMPOUTKD, MANUFACTURED AND SOLD BY

JOSEPH M. WIGHTMAN,

Successor to Claxton 4 Wightman,

No. 31 C0RNMLL, CORNER OF FRANKLIN AVENUE, BOSTON.

BOSTON:

PRINTED BY SAMUEL N. DICKINSON & CO.
1846.

•1

0*5

•>2>U

CATALOGUE

PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Since the commencement of this establishment, in 1830, a con-
stant effort has been made to perfect and simplify, as far as pos-
sible, the construction and use of the various instruments. That
these efforts have been successful may be inferred from the great
increase of business, and the very general satisfaction expressed
by customers at the material improvements in the form, finish, and
construction of the apparatus ever since the issue of my last Cata-
logue, in 1842. The very many kind friends, -whose encourage-
ment has aided me, I can only refer to the past as an evidence of
the. future, and assure them that no effort wiU be spared to con-
tinue and merit their confidence.

The peculiar character of this business, much of it derived from
distant sections of the country, and the inability of the purchaser

4

personally to inspect or select what lie wishes, render a reliance
upon the integrity of the dealer highly necessary. This having
been the first establishment to publish a catalogne and list of
prices, it has been my ami to furnish the purchaser through this
channel, and by illustrative 'Manuals,' with the best means of
acquainting hiinself with the Apparatus, and thus to assist him
in selecting such articles or Sets, as may be most useful to him;
and definite prices being affixed, he can readily sec how far bis
desires conform to his means.

That this has been appreciated by my customers generally, I
have the testimony of many, who have expressed their satisfaction
with the arrangement of the Sets in the various department* ; and
also with my method of conducting business; and from none have
I heard complaint. I select the testimony of a few from those
most remote, to show that, absent, or present, my endeavor has been
to be equally just and honorable to all.

It will be apparent, that to publish a list of prices, and then
make a special bargain with eaeli customer, would bo absurd
and troublesome on my part, and of no possible advantage to
them ; for if discounts are contemplated, they are usually pro-
vided for, and will vary with the comparative keenness of the
customer and dealer. Hud I the inclination, my business prevents
my adopting any other method than that I have sustained for so
many years, of one price for the same article to all.

The inquiry has sometimes been made, several months or a
year after a Catalogue has been issued, whether increased demand
or facilities for manufacturing have not altered the price ? To
answer this inquiry, I must refer to the quality and prices of my
instruments, and to the fact that the improvements constantly sug-
gested during the manufacture, have more than kept, pace with the
decrease of labor; and T find, from a critical examination of many
of the principal articles, that the prices in previous Catalogues
cannot consistently be reduced in the present, and the apparatus
still continue to retain the high standard character it now pos-
sesses, for beauty, efficiency, and convenience : if the quality be
improved and the standard elevated without enhancing the price,
surely the purchaser should be satisfied.

5

The Patent Lever Air Pumps, for which the highest premium
of the Mechanics' Charitable Association,

A OOI.D MBDAI,

WHS awarded in 1841, huvo continued to advance in estimation
and demand, and are tuo well known to require an extended
notice.

The selected Sets of Apparatus have been revised from the
experience of teachers, combined with my own, since my last
Catalogue, and are believed to furnish illustrations more complete
in the various branches of science, than have before been supplied.
In these sets, the great advantage of a uniformity of screws, is
very apparent, Hut one size and one thread have always been
adopted, which correspond with those of the English instrument-
makers, and were procured from London at the commencement of
this establishment All parts of the apparatus arc thus adapted to
each other and admit of the greatest variety of illustrations with
the smallest amount of apparatus.

As a large portion of the Apparatus is required by institutions
remote from the manufacturer, it becomes important that its con-
struction should be so simple as to prevent the necessity of frequent
repair, and also to allow of its being repaired by the purchaser;
many changes in the forms of the instruments have been made for
this object, thus giving au originality to their construction, which has
been constantly increasing in favor. In describing the various
parts, and the method of manipulating with the Apparatus, the
4 Companion to the Air Pump,' and the ' Companion to Electricity 1
have been found exceedingly useful. I have several 'Compan-
ions,' Upon other branches equally interesting, now in progress,
which will be published as soon as time will permit.

Being in constant communication with the most eminent profes-
sors, T am much indebted to them for many ideas and suggestions,
but particularly to the kindness of Prof. Silliman, whom I had the
pleasure of assisting in the preparation of his experiments, and
in the management of the Apparatus in the laboratory and lecture
room, during his extensive course of Chemical Lectures at the
Lowell Institute, of this city, in 1840, '41, and '42. To the expe-
rience thus acquired is due much of the improvement I have made
1*

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6

in the construction, convenience, and sufety of the. Apparatus in
this department. In other branches of science I have added to
my list many articles suggested by the elaborate illustrations I
have made under the direction of other lecturers of the Lowell
Institute.

Mr. Claxton, continuing to reside in London, enables me to
receive constant intelligence respecting improvements there, to
derive the advantage of his personal attention in the selection of
apparatus imported from thence, and also to receive additional
facilities in the manufacture of my own instruments.

The beautiful Paris Telescopes, to which I t ailed attention in a
former Catalogue, have proved highly satisfactory. Their clear
defining power ami reasonable price have caused an extensive sale
and increased demand. For the information of purchasers, I have
given the dimensions of the various sizes. I am also constantly
receiving from the same house. Achromatic Microscopes, at prices
which common Compound Microscopes were sold for but a short
time since. From the reasonable price of the Achromatic instru-
ments, they are destined ere long to entirely supersede those of the
common construction.

• Carpenter's Phantasmagoria Lantern ' and Sliders have been
greatly improved, and still hold their preeminent rank. The
Sliders of Natural llistory have becii used in man)' of the Colleges
and tbe highest class of institutions in the United States. The
Lantern has almost microscopic power, enlarging an object of two
inches to eight or ten feet ! which is clearly and distinctly defined.
For Institutions or public Lectures, it is unrivalled. Tbe extensive
list of Sliders, now first published* will much assist the purchaser.

I would also call attention to the Medium Set of Mechanicals, and
the New Compound Blowpipe, which I have recently added to
supply a demand for Apparatus of large size, but smaller than the
most expensive.

The Electro-Magnetic Apparatus, made for mc by Mr. Daniel
Davis, Jr., for several years past, still sustains its high reputation
for eflicieney and simplicity. The Magneto-Electric Machines
have been remodeled, by which their power is much increased;
and many new articles have been added.

7

Personal attention, as heretofore, being given to the finishing,
proving, and packing of the Apparatus, customers may depend upon
having their orders executed with promptness and care.

N. B. As many of the instruments require to be taken apart to
pack them safely, it is desirable that they should be put together
according to the figures or marks stamped upon the several pieces.

TESTIMONIALS.

AWARDS

OF THE JUDGES ON PHILOSOPHICAL APPABATUS

AT THE

FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD FAIRS OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE MECHANIC ASSOCIATION.

Fair of September, 1837, Silver Medal.
Fair of September, 1839, Silver Medal.

Report of the Judges on Philosophical Apparatus, at the Third Mechanics'

Fair, September, 1811.

No. 707. Joseph M. Wightma\, Boston, whose Instruments have com-
manded the favorable notice of former committees, for the ingenuity of
contrivance, excellence of arrangement and faithfulness of workmanship,
put in sis Air Pumps, and a considerable variety of other Apparatus.

No. 1 is an improved Leslie's Air Pump, well made and well finished.
Mr. Wigutman's improvements in this Instrument are — 1. The applica-
tion of a brass box immediately under the Pump plate, so constructed as
to prevent mercury or other liquid from easily passing from the plate into
the pump. 2. The addition of a brass box connected with the eduction
valves, to receive any oil which may be thrown out of the pump, and of a
form and construction, making it secure in this respect when the pump is
used for condensing ; and — 3. An arrangement of the safety box at the top
of the Barometer Gauge, such that if the mercury is drawn into it, it falls
back of itself into the cistern and cannot enter the pump.

8

Nos. 2 (ind 3* arc well finished instruments, and appear to possess over
Claxton's Lever Air Tump a decided advantage, derived from the applica-
tion of a close cover and packing box, by means of which they are worked
with greater ease even when the area of the cylinder is increased. Other
improvements are made in their transferring and condensing power, and
also in the application of the safety box and tloat-guuge.

The other Instruments exhibit improvements in forOi, and in the neat-
ness of their construction. Mr. Wigiitman's Bell tot Vacuum, his appli-
cation of the Ball and Socket Handles to the Hemispherical Cups, his
arrangement of Windmills for a vacuum, his large and small Transferrers
of Liquids, and his mode of closing the tops of Glass Apparatus by ground
plates instead of caps and cement, we consider as other instances of tho
successful application of mechanical ingenuity to produce decided im-
provements in the structure and use of these Instruments.

A OOXiD MEDAL,

JVDGES.

S. P. Miles, Principal Young JW/Vs' School.

George B. Emersox, Principal Classical School.

Prof. J. Lovertng, Harvard University.

Thomas Sherwin, Principal English High School.

Prof. D. Treadwell, Harvard University.

Solomox Adams, Principal Young Ladies' School.

U. A. Boyden, Engineer.

S. Borden, Massachusetts State Surveyor.

N. Snelling, Esq.

Yale College, Sept. 1,

Mr. Joseph M. Wiohtman, of Boston, has constructed for me and my
friends, many articles of Chemical and Philosophical Apparatus, during the
last six years.

Recently, he has, under my direction, executed an extensive order for
the Lowell Institute, of Boston ; and in all cases given me entire satisfac-
tion. Among the skilful artists of Boston, Mr. Wigutman holds a distin-
guished rank, and he is equally remarkable for his obliging disposition, and
the zeal as well as efficiency with which he enters into the views of his
employers. B. Silt.iman,

Prof, of Clusmislry, Mineralogy, \c, in Yale College.

* Wightman'a Patent Lever Pumps.

Cambridge, June 15, 1842.
Mr. Josrcrn M- Wightman, of Boston, has made ami repaired various
kinds of Apparatus for mo during the last six years. It gives me great
pleasure to testify to his fidelity, ingeuuity, and Ida despatch in executing
the orders which I have constantly given to him during this period. At all
times lie has given me the greatest satisfaction and enjoyed my highest con-
fidence ; trad I gladly recommend him as an ingenious, careful and courte-
ous artist, to the patronage of scientific men.

Jose pit Loverino,
Prof, at Harvard University, of 'Mathematics and Natuml Philosophy.

Brunswick, Aug. 7, 1843.

Dear Sir, — When I wrote you for information in regard to the Attwood
Machine, I had not received your letter. In the mean time I had set up
the apparatus, hut I believe that I did not write you in regard to it, as I
wished to tost its merits before expressing an opinion. This I have now
done, and I doom it my duty to state to you my high satisfaction with the
Instrument. So far as its general aspect is concerned, my taste could not
have boei» better consulted, and its extreme accuracy proves it to be a first
faie- instrument of the kind. Frof. Cleaveland concurs with me in this
opinion, as well as others alike capable of appreciating its merits. I regard
the Props you have attached as a very valuable addition and fine contriv-
ance to start the mass from 0. at the proper instant. I have, therefore, to
express to you my thanks for the attention bestowed by you upon this arti-
cle of apparatus, and to assure you that my confidence iu your skill has
been fully met. Yours, truly,

Wili-tam Smyth,
Ptnf. of Math, and Nat. Philos. at. Bowdoin Coll., Brunswick, Me.

Havana, Aug. 13, 1845.

Dear Sir, — I cannot but express my most sincere thanks for the care
and kind attention with which my order has been executed, and my admi-
ration at the neatness and finish of all the Apparatus ; but most especially
of your elegant and beautiful Air Tump and accompanying Apparatus,
which is far superior to the costly French Instruments I have in the Uni-
versity. ***********

Yours, very truly,

Femciano Carreno,
Prof, of Natural Philosophy m tfie College de la Union Havana.

10

From W. T. Feat, Prof. Chemistry.

Springfield, Geo., March 10, 1845.
* * * * * To say that I am pleased with the articles of your
manufacture would convoy but a faint notion of the estimation in which I
hold them. There is nothing superfluous about them, but every thing that
is necessary; and the mechanical execution of them unexceptionable. I
have seen more costly instruments, but none better suited for the pur-
poses for which they are designed. *****

From Rev. A. H. Mitchell, Pres. Centenary College.

Summerfield, Ala., Jan., 1846.

After using the Apparatus you furnished the College for more than a
year, I am still highly pleased with it **#'**♦

In addition to the foregoing, I have also the pleasure of referring'.to
Prof. P. Cleaveland, Bowdoin College, Me.
" E. Hitchcock, Amherst College, Mass.
" E. S. Snell,

" O. P. Hubbard, Dartmouth College, N. H.

" J. W. Draper, University, New York City.

" C. E. West, Rutger's Institute, " "
Rev. Theron Baldwin, Agent of Western Colleges, N. Y.
Prof E. Mitchell, Chapel IM, N. C.

" F. W. Capers, j ^ Military Acad., Cliarleston, S. C.

" vv illiam Hume, J

" T. B. Slade, Columbus, Ga.

" B. O. Pierce, Mercer University, Penfield, Ga.

" J. Locke, Cincinnati, Ohio.

" A. Jackson, Trinity College, Hartford, Con.

" E. H. Leffingwell, Columbia College, Mb.

" George W. Keely, Waterville College, Me.

" J. R. Loomis, " " "

11

LAWS OF MATTER.

Fig. 1. — No. 1.
INERTIA APPARATUS.

Fig. 2.— No. 11.

Fig. 1 represents a very conve-
nient and striking method of illus-
trating Inertia. A stiff card being
projected by the spring, and leaving
the Ball upon the Pillar.

Price, Si 50.
Fig. 2. — No. n.

APPARATUS FOR FALLING BODIES.

Although simple in construction,
yet the peculiar laws of falling bod-
ies, are as readily and effectively
illustrated by this Apparatus as with
those more expensive. The standard
is of Mahogany and six feet in height,
the front of which is divided into six-
teen ecpial spaces. On one side of
the standard are figured the number
of spaces passed over in each succes-
sive beat of the pendulum ; and upon
the opposite side, the number of beats
of the pendulum. «=Q=»

When the Apparatus is used it ^EZ
Bhould be levelled by the screws in
the Base. Price, $15 00.

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13

11

13

Fig's. 3, 4, 5, 6 comprise a complete set of Mechanicals, which,
for case uf illustration and simplicity of arrangement, have been
highly approved. Being in detached parts, the teacher has no
more before, his class than he desires at the time. The Pulleys
and Levers are of Brass, and all have Brass counterpoises or Pow-
ers. The weights are of japanned iron, to distinguish them from
the Powers. All of thcin arc. graduated and marked with the
ounces upon each. The movable Pulleys are balanced with brass
balls placed upon the cord just, above the Power, making a beautiful
and convenient set. Price $25 00.

SET Or MECHANICALS.

Fi S .S.-No.32.

Above is shown a part of a new Set of Mechanicals of medium
size, larger and more complete than those of No. 31. The Set in-
cludes Simple and Compound Levers; Metal Screw and Nut;
Inclined Piano; Carriage and Weight; and Wedge ; pulleys are
also attached to the frame to illustrate the Funicular power or force
of a bent Rope ; a single ounce applied to the centre is superior to
that of several pounds at the ends. It is an application of power
much used on ship board. Price of entire Set, 840 00.
2

15

Fig. 9 is an original ami much-approved Apparatus to show, in
a striking manner, the interesting law that liquids press according
to height and not to (juuvliti/. The vessel A is first filled with
water, and weights put in the suspended scale until the pressure is
counterbalanced ; the water is then drawn off into the jar, and the
tube B, holding one tenth as much as A, is screwed to the same
place ; as it is of the same height as A, the same weight will he-
raised when it is filled with water. C is a brass tube, by which
additional pressure may be given, and the apparatus used as a
Hydrostatic Bellows.

The Hydrostatic Bellows, No. 42, is of the same form, but of
smaller size, and without the Glass vessels. Both of them possess
the advantage of being easily repaired, as it is only necessary to
replace the India Rubber Bag, which incurs but a trifling expense,
and can also be used for a small gas Bag.

Fig. 1 0, A brass plate is held against the bottom of the glass
vessel while it is plunged several inches under water. The upward
pressure will then sustain the brass plate. Reverse the glass and
put in the ball, which will act as a valve, and will remain at the
bottom of the glass by down ward pressure, if carefully filled.

At Fig. 1 5 is shown the form of the small Section Model of the
Steam Engine. It is put in motion by turning the crank of the
Fly Wheel. This model is intended to illustrate not the form but
the manner in which steam is applied to produce motion.

16

wightman's sectional model of the steam engine.
Fig. 16.— No. 76.

The Apparatus of which the figure above represents the moving
parts, when connected with its accompanying Boiler, furnishes to
the professor or teacher, the means of illustrating, in a clear and
comprehensive manner, the application of steam as a power. The
proper action of the pistons and valves upon the interior of the en-
gine, is shown upon one side of the model, when the crank is
turned, while the reverse exhibits the general appearance and
structure of the exterior. All the cylinders, pumps, anil pistons;
the boiler with its gauges, furnace, safety valve, lines, and other
appurtenances, are in true section, precisely as a working model
would be seen if it were separated into two equal parts by a line
passing through the centre. The Boiler is represented in longi-
tudinal section, and is upon a separate base. When the Engine
and Boiler are together, their entire length is three feet.

17

SCHOOL AIR PUMP ON STAND.
Fig. 17. -No. 96.

This Air Pump, by reversing the valves, may be made to ex-
haust or condense the Air. The Barrel is one and a half inches in
diameter, and mounted on a neat Mahogany base, with brass clamp
to secure it to the table. The Apparatus adapted to it is simple
and efficient, and, from the low price of a complete Set, many
have been sold, and in all cases given entire satisfaction.

Set No. I,

SCUOOL AIK PUMP.

Tall Open-Top Receiver, with Revolving Jot,

Glass Cover,

Plain Bell Receiver,

Scales ; Weights ; Glass Flask,

Stop-Cock and Stand for weigh-
ing Air,

Hand Glass,

Brass Heinispheres and Cock,
Bladder Glass,
Glass for Fountain in Vacuo,
Stop-Cock and Jet Pipe,
Condensed Air Fountain,

Globe Stand and Bolt Head,
Improved Weight Lifter, raising
from 50 to 100 lbs. by the pres-
sure of the Air,
Tall Jar and Glass Balloon,
Resisting Fans and Handle,
Cylinder of Wood with Brass

Plate for Porosity,
Glass Suction Tube,
Syphon; Funnel;
Companion to Air Pump.

2*

Price of Set, $10 00.

18

The dimensions of this Air Pump, as at present made, are, —
height, 18 inches; length, 20 inches ; Barrel, 7 inches long, and
2\ inches interior diameter. The frame is of solid Mahogany, pol-
ished, and the Bolts pass entirely through the pillars and connect
with nuts under the Base, rendering the whole substantial and
firm. It has stood the test of ten years' trial, and probably no In-
strument has been more extensively introduced into Academies,
or been so universally approved. The reason of this may be found
in its simplicity of construction and ease of operation, combined
with rapid and accurate exhaustion. The raised Plate, besides
adding beauty to the Instrument, permits all the working parts to
be placed under it, and allows the experiments to be seen from all
points. The former dimensions of this pump were, — height, 14
inches; length, 18 inches; Barrel, 6 inches long, and 1 £ inches
diameter. Some idea may therefore be formed of the improve-

19

mcnt in size alone, which has been made without increase upon the
price of the original Instrument.

Particular care has been taken in arranging the Apparatus for
this pump. For Institutions desiring a complete set, the following

has been selected.

Set No. 2.

r ATE NT LEVER AIR »TTMP.

Swelled Open-Top Receiver, I Flexible Tube and Connectors,

with Glass Cover,

Tall Open-Top Receiver,

Plain Hell Receiver,

Balance, with "Weights ; Glass
Flask ; Stop-Cock ; and Stand,

Hand and Bladder Glasses,

Brass Hemispheres,

Glass for Fountain in Vacuo.

Stop Cock and Jet Pipe,

Copper Chamber for Condensed
Air Fountain,

Revolving Jet,

Glass Syphon and Funnel,

Weight Lifter and Stund/or rais-
ing 100 lbs. by pressure of air,

Price of Set, $75 00.

Large Bolt Head with Brass

Plate,
Jar for Bolt Head,
Sliding Rod and Brass Plate,
Liquid Transferrer, of Glass,
Guinea and Feather Tube, with
Cock; three feet long, and
arranged for Aurora,
Tall Jar and Glass Balloon,
Brass Exhausting and Condens-
ing Syringe,
Glass Suction Tube,
Plain Bell for Vacuo, and
Companion to Air Pump.

Set No. 3
The preceding Set, together with
Brass Piston Expansion Appa

ratus,
Mercury Shower,
Double Transferrer aud Re-
ceivers,

Cubes, Caps and

Breaking
Guard,
Illustration of Bacchus,
Torreeecllian Experiment,
Mercury for Torrecellian Ex-
periment

Price of Set, $100 00.

*

20

wightman's patent portable aie PUMP.
Fig. 19. -No. 9(1.

This Air Pump combines all the advantages of construction of
the Table Lever Pump, Fig. 20, in a portable form. The Levers
are of Brass, and every part is highly finished. The Gauge is
enclosed in a glass case, with a stop cock, and should always
remain closed, except when required for accurate experiments ; as
the air let in suddenly by withdrawing the hand, or breaking a
bladder, woidd probably injure, if not break the tube.

If by accident any liquid should How into the pump, it passes
unobstructed to the bottom of the barrel, and is then easily drawn
oft* by a screw in front.

The preceding Sets of Apparatus, recommended for 4 Claxton's
Patent Air Pump,' are also adapted for this pump.

21

WIGHTMAN'S PATENT LEVER AIR PTJMP ON HIGH STAND.
Fig. 30. — No 03.

The Air Pump represented above, not only exhausts the air,
but from its peculiar construction, combines both the power of con-
densing and transferring air or gas, while at the same time the ac-
curacy of exhaustion and the ease of operation are increased. This
is effected by the application of a tight cover and packing box to
the top of the barrel ; the power, therefore, required to operate it, is
constantly decreasing, until the receiver is exhausted, when there
is no other resistance than the simple friction of the piston in the
barrel. The valve on the lower end of the piston is dispensed

22

with, and the bottom of the barrel is made concave, so that any
mercury or liquid spilled in the hole of the plate can be immedi-
ately removed by a screw at the bottom of the Barrel. A Stop-
Cock is situated between the Barrel and the Plate to retain the
vacuum in the Receiver as long as desired. The Scale of the
Guage floats upon the surface of the mercury, thus insuring accu-
rate measurement; and a Safety Box upon the top of the tube
prevents any mercury being forced into the pump.

The Barrel is 3£ inches diameter, and the Stand is 3 feet G
inches in height, made of Mahogany not veneered. Tbe Levers
are of Brass, polished, and all parts are of the best workmanship.

rumps of this size have been furnished to Prof. 15. Sillinian, for
Yale College; Lowell Institute, Boston; College of Charleston,
S. C.; Newburyport High School, Mass.; Mercer University,
Penfield, Geo.; Medical CoUege, Charleston, S. C. ; M. L. College,
Galesburg, 111.

WIOHTMAJt'S IMPROVED ' LESLIE ' AlU »•! MP.

The large aud powerful instrument shown at Fig. 21, is of the
general construction, devised by Prof. Leslie, for his celebrated
experiment for the production of ice from water by its own evapo-
ration. The size of this pump is the some as that now made; in Lon-
don at £48 st'g. The finish is equal in every respect, and several
additions have been made to prevent injury from accidents. The
cylinder is 4j inches interior diameter by 12 inches high. Plate,
13 inches diameter; Brass Lever, 4 feet long. The frame is of
Mahogany, firmly made and polished. It has a Barometer Gauge
33 inches long, with Floating Scale, aud Syphon Gauge in Glass
case, with Stop Cock to close at pleasure and prevent accident
from admitting the air too suddenly. The Oil Box does not allow
of the waste oil being thrown about the frame. It has a screw
to attach a flexible tube for transferring, condensing, &c. All
parts of these pumps are made in the most thorough manner, and
for Colleges this instrument may be safely warranted equal to any

23

WIGHTMAN'S IMPROVED ' LESLIE ' AIR PUMP.
fig. 21. -No. 92.

imported, and the price at least one third less. The Apparatus
designed to he used with this Pump is of t he largest size, and is -well
calculated for a very large audience.

25

BX.B0TRI0XT1T.

1M1-BOVED PLATE MACHINE.

Fig. 35. — No. ISO.

In the Improved Machine the Plate is attached by a nut and
.screw to one end of an axle, having a crank for turning it at the
other; about six inches of the centre of the axle is of stron? "lass,
winch perfectly insulates the operator from all communication with
the Conductor. This axle revolves in boxes upon the top of two
Mahogany pillars next to the crank and on an insulated pillar
next to the plate. The springs holding the Cushions (which are
all of brass) are supported by a glass pillar, and surmounted with
a large brass ball for a Negative Conductor. The Prime Conductor
is of sheet brass, highly polished, and supported upon a sepa-
rate glass pillar and mahogany base. It is furnished with appropri-
ate points, rod, and ball at the ends, and a tube in the top for the
Electrometer, Tissue Figure, Tellurian, &c.

3

26

ELECTRICITY-

I1KASS MOUNTED PLATE MACHINE.

Fig. 36. -No. 101.

The above figure exhibits the form unci construction of the
Brass Mounted Plate Machines, from a plate 16 inches to 2-t
inches diameter. The Base is of Mahogany, supporting four glass
pillars, mounted with Brass Bases and Caps ; the Axle of the plate
revolves in Brass Balls on the top of two of the pillars, and the
prime Conductor and Rubber are supported by the other two.
The Crank is Insulated ; the Conductors are all polished length,
wise, or Telescope finished, and there is no difference in the Jinish
of the several sizes.

ELECTEICAL APPARATUS.
Fig. 37.-No. 256.

Fig. 38.— 2UV.

Fig. 39—No. 253.

28

Set No. 1.

Electrical Machine, 16-inch plate, Brass Mounted on Glass
rillars,

Battery of four Jars, one with

Bent Rfld,
Insulated Stool,
Image Plates,
Plain Discharger,
Pith Ball Electrometer,
Tissne Figure,
Ball and Point,
Miser's Plate,

Price of Set No. 1, $50 00

Chime of Bells,
Electric Flier,

" Spider.
Mahogany Model of an Ohclisk,
Brass Chains,

Cylinder for Dancing; Balls,
Box of Amalgam,
" Pith Balls.

Set No. 2.

Electrical Machine, 18-inch plate,
Battery of four Jars, one with I Thunder House and Pistol,

Bent Rod,
Chime of Bells,
Tissue Figure,
Electric Tellurian,
Cylinder for Dancing Balls,
Brass Chains,
Electrical Sportsman,

Pith Ball Electrometer,
Plain Discharger,
Image Plates,
Insulated Stool,
Miser's Plate,
Ball and Point,
Box of Amalgam.

Price of Set No. 2, $65 00.
Set No. 3.

•

Electrical Machine, 20-inch plate,
Batten- of 4, 3-quart Jars, \ Jointed Discharger,
Quart Jar with Bent Rod,
Image Plates,
Chime of Bells,
Tissue Figure,
Jar with Movable Coatings,
Universal Discharger,

Price of Set No. 3, $85 00.

Electrical See Saw,
" Tellurian,
Insulated Stool,
Thunder House with Pistol,
Brass Ball and Point,
Box of Amalgain,

2a

Set No. 4.
Electrical Machine with 22-inch plate,

Tith Ball Electrometer,
Battery of 4 1 -gallon Jars,
Sportsman, Jar, and Birds,
Brass Image, Plates and Figures.
Insulated Stool,
Chime of Bells,
Aurora Tube, Balls and Cock,
Jar with Movable Coatings,
Quart and pint Leyden Jars,
Box of Amalgam,
Word ' Lightning,'

Price of Set

Jointed Discharger,

Universal "

Thunder House and Pistol,

Electric Tellurian,

" Swan and Glass Dish,

" Powder Bomb,

" See Saw and Figures,

Gas Generator,

Tissue Figure,

Brass Chains,

Powder Bomb.
No. 4, Si 25 00.

CYLINDER ELECTRICAL MACHINES.
Fig. 50. — No. 196.

These are beautifully and effectively mounted on mahogany
stands, with brass and japanned Prime Conductor, and their oper-
ation is warranted equal to any manufactured. They are all
thoroughly insulated for collecting either Positive or Negative
electricity.

A ten-inch Cylinder Machine may be substituted in the place of
the plate Machine in Set No. 2, or an eight inch instead of the
plate Machine in Set No. 1.

3*

80

CHEMISTRY.

rNEl'MATIC CISTERN AND COMPOUND BLOW PIPE.
Fig. 51. -No. 297.

31

School Chemical Set, No. 1.
Copper Pneumatic Cistern, with Gloss Graduated Measure.

Shelf,

Improved Iron Retort,
Conducting Lead Tube,
Brass Reflectors on Stands,
Iron Ball and Sliding Stands,
Leslie's Cube, as Air Thermom-
eter,

Three Test Glasses,
Six Test Tubes,
Long Neck Matrass,
Brand's Acid Bulb and Tube.

Improved Lamp Stand,
Glass-Cap Spirit Lamp,
Pyrometer and Rod, Fig. 52.
Brass Eolipile, Fig 55,
Wire Gauze,
Compound Bar,
Three Retorts,
Two Bell Receivers,
Tubulated « »
Stirring Rods.

Price, $25 00.
Set No. 2.

Set No. 2 includes Set No. 1, except the Pneumatic Cistern,
which the Compound Blowpipe renders unnecessary ; and in addi-
tion the following:

Transferring Receiver,

Improved Pneumatic Cistern, &
Compound Blowpipe of Cop-
per, Fig. 51,

Conducting Lead Tube,

Hydrogen Gas Bottle,

Price of Set No. 2, $50 00.

India Rubber Gas Bag,
Stop Cock and Jet,
Bubble Pipe.

Set No. 3.

In addition to the two preceding Sets, Set No. 3 contains

One-Quart Tubulated Bell Glass,
Two-Quart plain Bell Glass,
Brass Mouth Blowpipe,
Two Digesting Flasks,
Pair of Tongs and Crucibles,
Two Class Funnels,
Hydrogen Balloon,
Glass Tube for Music of a Hy-
drogen Flame,

Porcelain Pestle and Mortar,
Two Porcelain Capsules,
Brass Fire Syringe,
Hydrogen Gas Generator,
Brass Revolving Steam Jet,
Two Glass Retorts,
Chemical Thermometer,
A variety of Acids and Chemi-
cals for experiments.

Price of Set No. 3, $75 00.

32

IMPROVED RACK COMPOUND BLOW PIPE.

Fig. 58. — No. 205.

The above is a beautiful Oxy-IIydrogcn Blow Fipe, on Hare's
construction, made by me under the direction of Prof. B. Silli-
man, for the Lowell Institute. The vessels are of copper, and the
pressure is communicated by rack work, thus avoiding the trouble
of heavy weights. The Gas Holders are on separate frames, upon
strong casters, and may thus be separated when but one Gas is
required. Price, complete, $150 00.

S3

OPTICS.

No. 493.

SET OF MODELS OF THE Ht'MAN EYE.

Fip. 57. Fig. 58.

The Set of Models of the Eye has been much improved in con-
struction and operation. Fig. 57 represents the Globe of the Eye,
containing the various coats and parts which can be successively
removed, showing the arrangement of the Eye as it appears on dis-
section. The Globe is 4 inches in diameter, and supported upon a
si and.

At Fig. 58 is shown the attachment of the muscles, and the
manner in -which the Eye is moved in the socket.

Fig. 59 shows the form of my Apparatus for illustrating the
position of the Image with regard to the Retina, in Perfect, Long,
and Short Sight. The inversion of the Image hy the crossing of
the Rays, (shown by silk cords,) is seen much more perfectly than
in any other construction.

The Set is accompanied by an explanatory pamphlet and a large
colored Sectional Diagram. Price of Set, complete, $12 00.

84

ACHROMATIC ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE.

Fig. 60.- No. 406.

Fig. 60 represents the form of the Astronomical Telescopes,
with Terrestrial and Celestial Powers and Sun Glass, mounted on
tripod stand and with rack adjustment. The mounting is entirely
of brass, beautifully finished, and for defining power they are
superior to any imported at the same prices- They are -very
portable, and packed in a neat case.

SETS OF OFriCALS.

Set No. I.

Glass Prism,

Set of 4 2-inch Lenses,

Multiplying Glass,

Price,

Convex and Concave Mirrors,
Colored Diagram of the Eye,
Flower Microscope.

$10 00.

Set No. 2.

Glass Prism,
Set of 4 Lenses,
Concave Mirror,

Set of Models of the Eye,
Compound Microscope,
Convex Mirror.

Price, $30 00.

35

OALVAmSM.

WIGIITMAN'S IMPROVED RACK GALVANIC BATTERY.
Fig. 61. — No. 568.

The Battery shown above contains 100 pairs of Wot.lastox's
Double Plates arranged for deflagration. It is entirely made of
Mahogany, and is very portable and convenient. The plates being
arranged in two cases of 50 pairs each, by removing one of the
troughs, or not charging it with the acid solution, but fifty pairs may
be used. The Racks are also very durable, and not liable to be in-
jured, like cords; the cases with the plates are stationary, and the
troughs with the liquid are raised by the "Racks. The advantages
are, that we thus move the liyhtest portion of the Battery, and the
connections arc undisturbed, which permits the very convenient
Sliding Forceps to be used for holding substances for deflagration,
&c, shown at A, Fig. 61. The zinc plates are amalgamated, which
causes the action to be sustained much longer. Price, complete,
with Sliding Forceps, Apparatus for Decomposition of Water and
Alkalies, and Handles for shocks, $100 00.

86

Set No. 1.

Horseshoe Magnet, Magnetic Swan and Magnet,

Y. Armature, U. Magnet and Star plate,

Magnetic Needle and Stand, Box of Iron Filings,
Pocket Compass in Box, Plate of Glass.

Price, $5 00.

Set No. 2.

Compound Magnet,
Boiling Armature,
Magnetic Needle and Stand,
U. Magnet,
Star Plate,

Box Compass,
Swan and Magnet,
Y. Armature,
Box of Iron Filings,
Plate of Glass.

Price, $10 00.

THERMO-EI.BCTRIC1TV.
Fig. 72.— No. 631.

Fit?. 73 —No. 5tf0.

Fig. 71-

42

43

Set No. 1.

Cylindrical Battery, small size,
Electro and U. Magnet, Fig. 69,
Magnetic Needle on Stand,

Heliacal Ring and Armatures,
Powder Cup,

Vibrating Apparatus for Shocks.

Price, $15 00.

Set No. 2.

Battery, medium size, Analytical Apparatus, Fig. 78,

Electro and U. Magnet, Heliacal Ring and Armatures,

Oersted's Galvanometer, Magnetic Needle on Stand.

Helix on Stand, Pair of Handles for Shocks.

Price, $30 00.

Set No. 3.

Battery, Medium size,
Oersted's Galvanometer,
Electro and U. Magnet,
Page's Revolving Magnet,
Pair of Handles for Shocks,

Heliacal Rings and Armatures,
Page's Reciprocating Engine,
Analytical Apparatus,
Electric Telegraph, No. 624,
' Manual of Magnetism.'

Price, $50 00.

Electro Magnetic Set ; for Medical Application, Fig 82.

Price, $10 00.

Self-acting Electro Magnetic Set, for Medical Application.
Price, according to size, $12 00 to $15 00.
Fig. 83. %* A Handle may be had instead of the Slipper.

Magneto Electrical Medical Apparatus in Box, Fig. 84.

Price, $30 00 to $35 00.

%* Each Set is accompanied with a Treatise and full directions.

44

ASTRONOMY.

ORRERY.
Fig. 88.— No. 633.

Fig. 85 s'icws the form and construction of an improved Orrery
mounted upon a Brass stand, with gilt Sun. The motions of tho
primary planets are relatively correct with re ard to their times of
revolution round the sun. The earth also revolves upon its axis,
and the moon around the earth. The geering is of Brass, an 1 the
zodiac is movable, that the wheel-work may be seen. Price, $25 00.

TELLURIAN.
Fig. 86.— No. 635.

At Fig. 8G is shown a Tellurian, mounted upon a Brass stand,
and corresponding in form with the Orrery. It is very neat, and
being of Brass, is very durable and efficient. All the phenomena
of the Seasons, and cause of Eclipses, are easily illustrated. Price,
$12 00 and $15 00.

45

TIDE DIAL.
Fig. 87—No. 637.

This Instrument is 15 inches
square, and by turning a crank
on the back, illustrates the daily
change in the Tides ; the diur-
nal motion of the Earth ; the
cause of Eclipses ; and the um-
bra and penumbra of the Earth.
The larger circle indicates the

number of days in the lunar
month, and the smaller circle,
the 24 hours of the days.

This is the most correct Tide
Dial made, and is very neat in
construction, being mounted up-
on a mahogany stand, with a gilt
«un, and Brass wheel-work.

Trice, &ti 00.

46

GEOGRAPHY.

JOSLIN'S METAL FKA.MK GLOBE.
Fig:. 88.— No. 6«.

The Globe stand, represented above, adapted to Loring's 12
inch Globes, has been extensively introduced since 1842. Being
of Metal, the centre of gravity is very low, and the spread of the
tripod is so great that it can only be overturned by design. It has
been very desirable to have a Globe stand of sufficient height to be
easily examined and moved before the pupils of an entire class ;
mounted upon wood stands this could not be done without great
care ; but in the present, it can be pushed about by even the top
of the Globe, (however carelessly,) without any possibility of being
overturned.

The Stand is Bronzed, and is neat, convenient, and substantial.

47

NUMERAL FRAME.
Fig. 89 - No. 669.

DISSECTED CONE.
Fig. 90.- No. 673

MECHANICAL ILLUSTRATION OF
THE 47tll PItOB. OF EI CLin.
Fig. 91.— No. 0T8.

BOX OF 64 CUBES.
Fig. 92.— No. 671.

LIST OF THE

SUPERIOR SET OF ASTRONOMIC AL DIAGRAMS.

No. 514.

1. Sun, Telescopic View,

2. Mercury, 11 "

3. Venus, " "

4. A Map of the Earth,

5. Mars, Northern Hemisphere,

6. Mars, Southern Hemisphere,

•is

7. Jupiter, Telescopic View,

8. Saturn,

9. Herschell, "

10. New Moon, Telescopic View,

11. Gibbous Moon, " "

12. Full Moon, " "

13. System of Ptolemy,

14. System of Copernicus,

15. System of Tycho Brahc,

16. Comparative size of the Sun,

as seen from the different
planets,

17. Comparative sizes of the plan-

ets,

18. Comparative distances of the

Planets,

19. Comparative distances of the

Satellites of the different Plan-
ets.

20. Geocentric and Heliocentric

Longitude,

21. Parallax,

22. Refraction of the Earth's At-

mosphere,

23. Summer and Winter Rays,

24. Equation of Time,

25. Sidereal Time,

26. Evening Sky in Saturn,

27. Transit of Venus,

28. Morning and Evening Star,

29. Earth and Moon's Light,

30. Eclipses of Jupiter's Moons,

31. Retrogradations of Venus,

32. Retrogradations of Mars,

33. Orbit of a Comet,

34. Comet of 1680,

35. Comet of 1811,

36. Comet of 1843.

37. Rotundity of tlic Earth ; movable,

38. Signs of the Zodiac,

39. The Seasons,

40. Phases of the Moon,

41. Phases of Venus,

42. Earth's Shadow,

43. Superior and Inferior Conjunc-

tion,

44. Theory of the Sun's Eclipses,

45. Theory of the Moon's Eelipscs,

46. Moon's Nodes,

47. Sun's Eclipses \ movable.

48. Moon's Eclipses ; movable.

49. Figure of Constellation Orion,

50. Stare in the

51. Figure of Constellation Ursa

Major,

52 Stars in Ursa Major,

53. Milky Way,

54. Great Nebula in Orion,

55. 56 and 57, Clusters of Stars,

58. Nebulous Stars,
, 59. Various Nebula,
J 60. Nebulous Phenomena.

*,* All the subjects of this Set of Sliders have beeil carefully revised to corres-
pond with the recent discoveries of I lersrhcll , Buer, Madler and others. Th»
views of Mars are now first painted from Madler's drawings.